Bowa wakuda(dzina la sayansi: Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) Underw), lomwe limadziwikanso kuti wood ear, wood moth, Dingyang, tree mushroom, light wood ear, fine wood ear ndi cloud ear, ndi bowa wa saprophytic womwe umamera pamtengo wowola. Bowa wakuda ndi wooneka ngati tsamba kapena wooneka ngati nkhalango, wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa mafunde, woonda, 2 mpaka 6 cm mulifupi, pafupifupi 2 mm makulidwe, ndipo umakhazikika pa substrate ndi phesi lalifupi la mbali kapena maziko opapatiza. Poyamba, umakhala wofewa komanso wopindika, womata komanso wotanuka, kenako umakhala ndi chilonda pang'ono. Ukauma, umachepa kwambiri ndipo umakhala wakuda, wolimba komanso wosweka ngati nyanga mpaka pafupifupi chikopa. M'mphepete mwakunja kwa kumbuyo kumakhala kofanana ndi arc, kofiirira mpaka buluu wakuda-imvi, ndipo kumaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
Madera otentha a kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia, makamaka kumpoto kwa China, ndi malo okhala nyama zakuthengobowa wakudaM'madera otentha a North America ndi Australia, bowa wakuda ndi wosowa kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia kokha. Elderberry ndi oak ndi malo ofala kwambiri a bowa wakuda ku Europe, koma chiwerengerochi n'chochepa kwambiri.
China ndi kwawo kwabowa wakuda. Mtundu wa China unazindikira ndi kupanga bowa wakuda kale kwambiri mu nthawi ya Shennong zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo, ndipo unayamba kulima ndikudya. "Buku la Misonkhano" limalembanso za kudya bowa wakuda pa maphwando achifumu. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa sayansi yamakono, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi chitsulo mu bowa wakuda wouma ndi kokwera kwambiri. Mapuloteni ake ali ndi ma amino acid osiyanasiyana, makamaka lysine ndi leucine. Bowa wakuda si chakudya chokha, komanso ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe aku China. Ndi chimodzi mwa zomera zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapanga bowa wachikhalidwe waku China. Uli ndi zotsatira zambiri zamankhwala monga kudzaza qi ndi magazi, kunyowetsa mapapo ndikuchepetsa chifuwa, ndikuletsa kutuluka magazi.
Bowa wakudaAmalimidwa pamitengo ya mitengo. Pambuyo pa chitukuko chabwino cha ulimi wolowa m'malo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ulimi wolowa m'malo wakhala njira yayikulu yolimira bowa wakuda.
Bowa wakudaNjira yolima Kulima bowa wakuda kuli ndi njira yolondola kwambiri, pakati pawo zazikulu ndi izi:
Kusankha ndi kumanga munda wa khutu
Posankha munda wa khutu, zinthu zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kuchitika ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa, madzi otayira mosavuta komanso kuthirira, komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu. Pomanga munda wa khutu, ndikofunikira kusankha waya wachitsulo wopangira chimango cha bedi, chomwe chingasunge zinthu zopangira, kukonza mpweya wabwino ndi kutumiza kuwala, komanso chingabwezeretsedwe. Kupopera madzi kumachitika makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera pamwamba, zomwe zingapangitse kuti madzi azipopera azikhala ofanana komanso kusunga madzi. Zipangizo zopopera madzi ziyenera kukonzedwa munda usanamangidwe.
Kusakaniza zinthu
Zipangizo zosakaniza bowa wakuda ndi kusakaniza mofanana zosakaniza zazikulu, calcium carbonate ndi bran, kenako kusintha madzi kukhala pafupifupi 50%.
Kunyamula matumba
Chikwamacho ndi cha polyethylene yotsika mphamvu, yokhala ndi 14.7m × 53cm × 0.05cm. Chikwamacho chiyenera kukhala chokhuthala mokwanira popanda kumva kufewa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, onetsetsani kuti thumba lililonse la zinthu zokulirapo lili ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 1.5kg.
Kuika katemera
Musanayambe gawo ili, nsalu yotchinga ya shed yolima iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kenako, samalani ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'bokosi lothira katemera. Nthawi yothira katemera iyenera kulamulidwa kwa nthawi yoposa theka la ola. Singano yothira katemera ndi chikwama ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikuyikidwa padzuwa, kenako kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikutsukidwa ndi mowa. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumatha kunyowa mu carbendazim pafupifupi nthawi 300 kwa mphindi pafupifupi 5. Pambuyo pake, kumatha kuumitsidwa padzuwa. Ogwira ntchito yothira katemera ayenera kusamba m'manja ndi mowa, kenako nkuumitsa m'bokosi lothira katemera.
Kulima bowa
Mukukulabowa wakuda, ulalo uwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Kuyang'anira bowa ndiye chinsinsi chokulira bowa wakuda. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwongolera kutentha mu greenhouse moyenera, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kupulumuka kwa mycelium. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera koyenera kuyenera kuperekedwa, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yeniyeni. Ponena za malo oyika mycelium, timitengo ta bowa tiyenera kuyikidwa mu mulu "wowongoka" pambuyo pobayira. Pakubaya timitengo ta bowa limodzi tokhala ndi mabowo atatu ndi mabowo anayi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti chilondacho chimayikidwa mmwamba. Chilonda cha kubaya mbali ziwiri chiyenera kuyang'ana mbali zonse ziwiri. Muluwo uli ndi zigawo pafupifupi 7 kutalika. Pamwamba pake, samalani ndi chithandizo cha mthunzi cha mbali yolowera kubaya kuti mupewe madzi achikasu.
Kapangidwe ka zakudya
Bowa wakudaSikuti ndi yosalala komanso yokoma kokha, komanso yopatsa thanzi. Imadziwika kuti ndi "nyama pakati pa anthu osadya nyama" komanso "mfumu ya anthu osadya nyama". Ndi tonic yodziwika bwino. Malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi kusanthula koyenera, 100g iliyonse ya bowa watsopano ili ndi 10.6g ya mapuloteni, 0.2g ya mafuta, 65.5g ya chakudya, 7g ya cellulose, ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri monga thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, carotene, calcium, phosphorous, ndi iron. Pakati pawo, iron ndiye wochuluka kwambiri. 100g iliyonse ya bowa watsopano ili ndi 185mg ya iron, yomwe ndi yoposa nthawi 20 kuposa udzu winawake, womwe uli ndi iron yambiri pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba, komanso pafupifupi nthawi 7 kuposa chiwindi cha nkhumba, chomwe chili ndi iron yambiri pakati pa zakudya za nyama. Chifukwa chake, imadziwika kuti "ngwazi yachitsulo" pakati pa zakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, puloteni ya bowa wakuda ili ndi ma amino acid osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza lysine, leucine ndi ma amino acid ena ofunikira thupi la munthu, omwe ali ndi phindu lalikulu lachilengedwe. Bowa wakuda ndi bowa wa colloid, wokhala ndi colloid yambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri m'thupi la munthu, imatha kuchotsa chakudya chotsala ndi zinthu zosagayidwa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo, ndipo imasungunuka pazinthu zakunja monga zotsalira zamatabwa ndi fumbi la mchenga zomwe zimadyedwa mwangozi. Chifukwa chake, ndiye chakudya choyamba chopatsa thanzi cha ophika thonje ndi omwe amagwira ntchito yofufuza, fumbi, komanso kuteteza misewu. Ma phospholipids mu bowa wakuda ndi michere ya maselo a ubongo wa munthu ndi maselo amitsempha, ndipo ndi mankhwala othandiza komanso otsika mtengo a ubongo kwa achinyamata ndi ogwira ntchito zamaganizo.
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Webusaiti: https://www.yumartfood.com/
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-19-2024